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Hard rock supplied about half of 2025 lithium output. Chart: Mine production 2025 est., tonnes lithium content: Australia (rock) 92,000; China (both) 62,000; Chile (brine) 56,000; Zimbabwe (rock) 28,000; Argentina (brine) 23,000; Canada (rock) 5,600. Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.Commodities · Nov 2, 2026

Lithium Explained: Brine Versus Hard Rock and Why the Difference Matters

How lithium is produced from salt flat brines and spodumene rock, who produces what, and how cost, carbon and chemistry differ.

Mining · Oct 30, 2026

Indigenous Equity in Canadian Resource Projects: IBAs and Loan Guarantees

Loan guarantee room is far ahead of use. Chart: Deployed vs program capacity, $ billions, Deployed (RBC, Apr 2026) and Capacity not yet used: Federal, $10B Deployed (RBC, Apr 2026) 0.4, Capacity not yet used ~$0.4B; Alberta, $3B Deployed (RBC, Apr 2026) 0.749, Capacity not yet used $0.749B; Ontario, $3B Deployed (RBC, Apr 2026) 0.563, Capacity not yet used $0.563B. Source: Federal, Alberta and Ontario programs; RBC (Apr 29, 2026).
Mining · Oct 28, 2026Sponsored

Before Nevada’s Silver Rush, There Was Silver Hill

Miners at Silver Hill, North Carolina, circa 1900. Davidson County Historical Society, via NC DNCR.
Mining · Oct 28, 2026

Escrow and Hold Periods on New Shares in Canada Explained

When new shares in Canada are fully free to trade. Chart: Months until fully released, simplest case: Emerging issuer escrow (Tier 2) 36 months; Established issuer escrow (Tier 1) 18 months; Seed share restrictions 12 months; Private placement hold 4 months and a day. Source: NI 45-102; NP 46-201; TSXV Policy 5.4.

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Hard rock supplied about half of 2025 lithium output. Chart: Mine production 2025 est., tonnes lithium content: Australia (rock) 92,000; China (both) 62,000; Chile (brine) 56,000; Zimbabwe (rock) 28,000; Argentina (brine) 23,000; Canada (rock) 5,600. Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.Commodities · Nov 2, 2026

Lithium Explained: Brine Versus Hard Rock and Why the Difference Matters

How lithium is produced from salt flat brines and spodumene rock, who produces what, and how cost, carbon and chemistry differ.

Loan guarantee room is far ahead of use. Chart: Deployed vs program capacity, $ billions, Deployed (RBC, Apr 2026) and Capacity not yet used: Federal, $10B Deployed (RBC, Apr 2026) 0.4, Capacity not yet used ~$0.4B; Alberta, $3B Deployed (RBC, Apr 2026) 0.749, Capacity not yet used $0.749B; Ontario, $3B Deployed (RBC, Apr 2026) 0.563, Capacity not yet used $0.563B. Source: Federal, Alberta and Ontario programs; RBC (Apr 29, 2026).Mining · Oct 30, 2026

Indigenous Equity in Canadian Resource Projects: IBAs and Loan Guarantees

How impact benefit agreements, equity stakes and federal and provincial loan guarantee programs work in Canadian resource projects, with dated deals and figures.

Miners at Silver Hill, North Carolina, circa 1900. Davidson County Historical Society, via NC DNCR.Mining · Oct 28, 2026Sponsored

Before Nevada’s Silver Rush, There Was Silver Hill

The fascinating history of America's first silver mine, the challenges that brought early operations to a halt, and why modern exploration is taking another look.

When new shares in Canada are fully free to trade. Chart: Months until fully released, simplest case: Emerging issuer escrow (Tier 2) 36 months; Established issuer escrow (Tier 1) 18 months; Seed share restrictions 12 months; Private placement hold 4 months and a day. Source: NI 45-102; NP 46-201; TSXV Policy 5.4.Mining · Oct 28, 2026

Escrow and Hold Periods on New Shares in Canada Explained

The four-month hold under NI 45-102, the TSX Venture hold, NP 46-201 escrow schedules and TSXV Policy 5.4: when newly issued shares in Canada can trade.

What it costs each year to hold gold through a fund. Chart: Annual expense ratio, %: VanEck Gold Miners (GDX) 0.51%; SPDR Gold Shares (GLD) 0.40%; Sprott Physical Gold Trust 0.39% MER. Source: Fund sponsors (GDX net ratio; Sprott MER at Jun 30, 2026).Commodities · Oct 26, 2026

Gold ETFs vs Physical Gold vs Gold Mining Stocks: How Each One Works

Bars and coins, bullion funds and mining shares all track gold differently. Here is what you own in each, what it costs, and where the risks sit.

China's rare earth share rises along the chain. Chart: China's share, 2024, %: Magnet rare earth mining ~60%; Refined output 91%; Sintered permanent magnets 94%. Source: International Energy Agency.Commodities · Oct 23, 2026

Rare Earth Elements Explained: Where They Come From and Why AI Needs Them

What rare earths are, where they are mined and refined, how China's export controls work, and where AI hardware fits into demand.

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Hard rock supplied about half of 2025 lithium output. Chart: Mine production 2025 est., tonnes lithium content: Australia (rock) 92,000; China (both) 62,000; Chile (brine) 56,000; Zimbabwe (rock) 28,000; Argentina (brine) 23,000; Canada (rock) 5,600. Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.Explainer · Commodities

Lithium Explained: Brine Versus Hard Rock and Why the Difference Matters

When new shares in Canada are fully free to trade. Chart: Months until fully released, simplest case: Emerging issuer escrow (Tier 2) 36 months; Established issuer escrow (Tier 1) 18 months; Seed share restrictions 12 months; Private placement hold 4 months and a day. Source: NI 45-102; NP 46-201; TSXV Policy 5.4.Explainer · Mining

Escrow and Hold Periods on New Shares in Canada Explained

China's rare earth share rises along the chain. Chart: China's share, 2024, %: Magnet rare earth mining ~60%; Refined output 91%; Sintered permanent magnets 94%. Source: International Energy Agency.Explainer · Commodities

Rare Earth Elements Explained: Where They Come From and Why AI Needs Them

Holding a BC claim costs more every two years. Chart: Annual requirement, C$ per hectare: Years 1 and 2 Work required $5, Cash in lieu $10; Years 3 and 4 Work required $10, Cash in lieu $20; Years 5 and 6 Work required $15, Cash in lieu $30; Year 7 onward Work required $20, Cash in lieu $40. Source: Province of British Columbia, Mineral Titles fees.Explainer · Mining

How Mineral Claims Work in Canada: Staking in BC, Ontario and Quebec

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